Laws pertaining to sexual violence, sexual harassment, gender-based harassment, domestic violence, dating violence, stalking and retaliation.
Federal Laws
Title IX prohibits discrimination on the basis of sex
1972年的教育修正案第九条是一项联邦民权法，禁止在接受联邦资助的教育项目和活动中基于性别歧视任何人.
For further information regarding Title IX, please view the U.S. Department of Education Office of Civil Rights website
The Clery Act requires disclosure of crime
珍妮·克勒利披露校园安全政策和校园犯罪统计法案(“克勒利法案”)要求参加联邦财政援助计划的学院和大学报告有关校园内或校园附近发生的犯罪的年度统计数据. It also contains requirements for policies, requirements for conducting disciplinary proceedings, 以及与性侵犯有关的预防和意识项目, dating violence, domestic violence, sexual assault and stalking.
View the University’s Clery Act information.
Massachusetts Criminal Laws
为了大学内部第九条申诉程序的目的, alleged incidents of sexual violence, sexual harassment, gender-based harassment, domestic violence, dating violence, 跟踪和报复行为的定义由《 Title IX Sexual Harassment Policy.
However, 认为自己是犯罪受害者的个人也可以选择通过当地执法部门进行刑事调查. In those instances, the criminal law definitions will apply:
Sexual Assault
Massachusetts criminal law uses the term “rape.“该定义包括(1)任何身体部位或物体插入任何孔口(2)以武力(或威胁)和(3)未经同意. 强奸还包括受害者丧失行为能力(“完全失去知觉，以致无法同意”)而犯罪者知道或应该知道受害人丧失行为能力的情况. Relatedly, under M.G.L. c. 268, § 40, 知道某人是严重强奸案的受害者并在犯罪现场的人, 必须在合理可行的情况下尽快向执法部门报告罪行.
Consent
马萨诸塞州通则中没有对“同意”一词的定义. 马萨诸塞州法院使用“违背他/她的意愿”一词，意思是未经同意. 有案例表明，不能用武力或威胁来强迫或诱导同意, and consent is not present when the victim is incapacitated. In other words, 同意需要通过言语或行动证明自愿同意, 由一个有足够心智能力的人有意识地选择去做另一个人提议的事情, free of duress. Commonwealth v. Lopez, 433 Mass. 722 (2001), Commonwealth v. Lefkowitz, 20 Mass. App. Ct. 513 (1985); see also: M.G.L. c. 265, § 22
Domestic Violence
Section 1 of M.G.L. c. 209A defines domestic abuse as “the occurrence of one or more of the following acts between family or household members: (a) attempting to cause or causing physical harm; (b) placing another in fear of imminent serious physical harm; (c) causing another to engage involuntarily in sexual relations by force, threat or duress.”
For the purposes of Chapter 209A, “family or house-hold members” are defined as persons who (a) are or were married to one another; (b) are or were residing together in the same household; (c) are or were related by blood or marriage; (d) have a child in common regardless of whether they have ever married or lived together; or (e) are or have been in a substantive dating or engagement relationship, which shall be adjudged by district, probate or Boston municipal courts’ consideration of the following factors: (1) the length of the relationship; (2) the type of relationship; (3) the frequency of interaction between the parties; and (4) if the relationship has been terminated by either person, the length of time elapsed since the termination.
Section 13M of M.G.L. c. 265 禁止攻击和/或攻击和殴打家人或家庭成员, 它的定义是:“(i)彼此结婚或曾经结婚的人?, (ii)有一个共同的孩子，无论他们是否曾经结婚或生活在一起，或(iii)正在或曾经处于实质性的约会或订婚关系中.” See also: Section M.G.L. c. 260
In determining whether Section 13M applies to a particular relationship, the courts shall consider the following factors: “(1) the length of time of the relationship; (2) the type of relationship; (3) the frequency of interaction between the parties; and (4) if the relationship has been terminated by either person, 自关系终止以来所经过的时间长度.”
Section 15D of M.G.L. c. 265 prohibits the strangulation or suffocation of another person.
Dating Violence
而马萨诸塞州并没有关于约会暴力的法律, conduct may constitute an assault or assault and battery under M.G.L. c. 265, § 13A. An assault or an assault and battery: (i) upon another and [the perpetrator] by such assault and battery causes serious bodily injury; (ii) upon another who is pregnant at the time of such assault and battery, [the perpetrator] knowing or having reason to know that the person is pregnant; or (iii) upon another who [the perpetrator] knows has an outstanding temporary or permanent vacate, 根据[适用法律]发出的限制令或禁止接触令或判决, 在他遭受袭击或殴打时对他造成的伤害.”
Section 13M of M.G.L. c. 265 禁止攻击和/或攻击和殴打家人或家庭成员, 它的定义是:“(i)彼此结婚或曾经结婚的人?, (ii)有一个共同的孩子，无论他们是否曾经结婚或生活在一起，或(iii)正在或曾经处于实质性的约会或订婚关系中.” See also: M.G.L. c. 260
In determining whether Section 13M applies to a particular relationship, the courts shall consider the following factors: “(1) the length of time of the relationship; (2) the type of relationship; (3) the frequency of interaction between the parties; and (4) if the relationship has been terminated by either person, 自关系终止以来所经过的时间长度.”
Section 15D of M.G.L. c. 265 prohibits the strangulation or suffocation of another person.
Stalking
Section 43 of M.G.L. c. 265 将“跟踪”定义为“(1)故意和恶意地在一段时间内针对某一特定的人进行明知的行为模式或一系列行为，使该人严重警觉或烦恼，并使一个理智的人遭受严重的精神困扰。, 及(2)作出威胁，意图将该人置于死亡或身体伤害的迫在眉睫的恐惧中.”
For questions regarding any of these laws, 请致电(508)531-2744或电邮至平等机会办公室 titleix@uni-foodex.com.